بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
الحمد لله وحده والصلاة والسلام على من لا نبي بعده وبعد/
فيُلاحظ على بعض المصلين-وفقنا الله وإياهم-مع رغبتهم في الخير وحرصهم على الصلاة أنهم لا يحسنون الاعتدال في القيام بعد الركوع، ولا الاعتدال في الجلوس بين السجدتين؛ بل ربما أخلوا في ذلك إخلالا بينا قد يترتب عليه بطلان صلاتهم؛ ترى أحدهم ينحط للسجود بعد الركوع قبل أن يستتم قائما، ويسجد السجدة الثانية قبل أن يستوي جلسا من السجدة الأولى..؛ ورغبة في الخير لإخواني فهذه أقوال العلماء في هذه المسألة المهمة :
قال ابن عابدين الحنفي-رحمه الله- في حاشيته على الدر المختار (1/ 464): (وَالْحَاصِلُ أَنَّ الْأَصَحَّ رِوَايَةً وَدِرَايَةً وُجُوبُ تَعْدِيلِ الْأَرْكَانِ، وَأَمَّا الْقَوْمَةُ (الاستواء قائما بعد الركوع) وَالْجَلْسَةُ وَتَعْدِيلُهُمَا فَالْمَشْهُورُ فِي الْمَذْهَبِ السُّنِّيَّةُ، وَرُوِيَ وُجُوبُهَا، وَهُوَ الْمُوَافِقُ لِلْأَدِلَّةِ، وَعَلَيْهِ الْكَمَالُ وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُ مِنْ الْمُتَأَخِّرِينَ وَقَدْ عَلِمْت قَوْلَ تِلْمِيذِهِ إنَّهُ الصَّوَابُ. وَقَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ بِفَرْضِيَّةِ الْكُلِّ وَاخْتَارَهُ فِي الْمَجْمَعِ وَالْعَيْنِيِّ وَرَوَاهُ الطَّحَاوِيُّ عَنْ أَئِمَّتِنَا الثَّلَاثَةِ. وَقَالَ فِي الْفَيْضِ إنَّهُ الْأَحْوَطُ اهـ وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ مَالِكٍ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَحْمَدَ)اهـ.
وقال ابن عبد البر المالكي-رحمه الله- في كتابه الاستذكار (2/ 306): ( وَالِاعْتِدَالُ فِي الرُّكُوعِ وَالرَّفْعِ مِنْهُ وَفِي السُّجُودِ وَالرَّفْعِ مِنْهُ وَاجِبٌ فَرْضًا لِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- بِذَلِكَ وَفِعْلِهِ لَهُ وَقَوْلِهِ -عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ-: صَلُّوا كَمَا رَأَيْتُمُونِي أُصَلِّي وَقَوْلُهُ -صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: لَا يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِلَى مَنْ لَا يُقِيمُ صُلْبَهُ فِي رُكُوعِهِ ولا سجوده ، وَلَا خِلَافَ بَيْنِ الْعُلَمَاءِ فِي ذَلِكَ وَإِنَّمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الطُّمَأْنِينَةِ بَعْدَ الِاعْتِدَالِ).
وقد استدل هؤلاء الأئمة الأعلام-رحمهم الله- بعدد من الأدلة منها:
1- قوله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- للمسيء صلاته: «إِذَا قُمْتَ إِلَى الصَّلاَةِ، فَأَسْبِغِ الوُضُوءَ، ثُمَّ اسْتَقْبِلِ القِبْلَةَ، فَكَبِّرْ وَاقْرَأْ بِمَا تَيَسَّرَ مَعَكَ مِنَ القُرْآنِ، ثُمَّ ارْكَعْ حَتَّى تَطْمَئِنَّ رَاكِعًا، ثُمَّ ارْفَعْ رَأْسَكَ حَتَّى تَعْتَدِلَ قَائِمًا، ثُمَّ اسْجُدْ حَتَّى تَطْمَئِنَّ سَاجِدًا، ثُمَّ ارْفَعْ حَتَّى تَسْتَوِيَ وَتَطْمَئِنَّ جَالِسًا، ثُمَّ اسْجُدْ حَتَّى تَطْمَئِنَّ سَاجِدًا، ثُمَّ ارْفَعْ حَتَّى تَسْتَوِيَ قَائِمًا، ثُمَّ افْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فِي صَلاَتِكَ كُلِّهَا» أخرجه البخاري ومسلم رحمهما الله.
2-قول أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ -رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ-: إِنِّي لاَ آلُو أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ بِكُمْ، كَمَا رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- يُصَلِّي بِنَا - قَالَ ثَابِتٌ: كَانَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ يَصْنَعُ شَيْئًا لَمْ أَرَكُمْ تَصْنَعُونَهُ - " كَانَ إِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ قَامَ حَتَّى يَقُولَ القَائِلُ: قَدْ نَسِيَ، وَبَيْنَ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ حَتَّى يَقُولَ القَائِلُ: قَدْ نَسِيَ " رواه البخاري ومسلم-رحمهما الله.
3-قول عائشة-رضي الله عنها- في صفة صلاته -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- «..وَكَانَ إِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ لَمْ يَسْجُدْ، حَتَّى يَسْتَوِيَ قَائِمًا، وَكَانَ إِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ السَّجْدَةِ، لَمْ يَسْجُدْ حَتَّى يَسْتَوِيَ جَالِسًا ) أخرجه مسلم -رحمه الله.
وفق الله الجميع لاتباع السنة ورزقهم الإخلاص في القول والعمل. وصلى الله على نبينا محمد وآله وسلم
كتبه/أ.د. محمد بن عبدالله المحيميد
أستاذ الفقه في كلية الشريعة في جامعة القصيم
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